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Link-middle-cut lower bounds for Clifford circuit synthesis

Minimizing the number of CNOT gates required to synthesize a Clifford operator is a central problem in quantum circuit optimization. We extend the link–middle–cut (LMC) framework for linear reversible circuits to Clifford operators represented by bi

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Minimizing the number of CNOT gates required to synthesize a Clifford operator is a central problem in quantum circuit optimization. We extend the link–middle–cut (LMC) framework for linear reversible circuits to Clifford operators represented by binary symplectic tableaux. By introducing block-support connectivity graphs and determinantal invariants, we obtain efficiently computable lower bounds on ancilla-free CNOT complexity. We prove that these bounds are tight for qubit permutations: a permutation of n qubits with k cycles requires exactly 3(n-k) CNOT gates, even when arbitrary one-qubit Clifford gates are available. We also derive efficiently computable bounds for synthesis up to a permutation of the output qubits, corresponding to free qubit relabeling. Finally, we further demonstrate the utility of the bound by using it as an admissible heuristic for A^*-based Clifford synthesis and show that, on benchmark instances, the resulting search can prove optimality beyond what was possible with earlier SAT-based methods, and that it may be used in combination with earlier A^* heuristics to improve the CNOT counts obtained through heuristic search.

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